Compound Words โ€“ Lesson 13

่‹›

่‹›๏ผˆใ‹๏ผ‰โ€“ harsh / torment / bullying

  • ่‹›้…ทใ€ใ‹ใ“ใใ€‘
    โ€“ Severe, harsh, cruel
  • ่‹›็ƒˆใ€ใ‹ใ‚Œใคใ€‘
    โ€“ Fierce, intense, brutal
  • ่‹›ๆ”ฟใ€ใ‹ใ›ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Tyranny, oppressive government (classical)
  • ่‹›็ซ‹ใคใ€ใ„ใ‚‰ใ ใคใ€‘
    โ€“ To be irritated, annoyed
  • ่‹›่ฒฌใ€ใ‹ใ›ใใ€‘
    โ€“ Harsh blame, severe criticism
ๅฏ›

ๅฏ›๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚“๏ผ‰โ€“ tolerant / broad-minded

  • ๅฏ›ๅคงใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Generous, tolerant
  • ๅฏ›ๅฎนใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Tolerance, broad-mindedness
  • ๅฏ›ๆ”ฟใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Kansei era (Japanese historical period)
  • ๅฏ›ๆ•ใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ€‘
    โ€“ Forgiveness, leniency (literary)
  • ๅฏ›ๅŽณใ€ใ‹ใ‚“ใ’ใ‚“ใ€‘
    โ€“ Leniency and severity (legal/philosophical term)
่–„

่–„๏ผˆใฏใ๏ผใ†ใ™ใ„๏ผ‰โ€“ thin / dilute

  • ่–„ใ„ใ€ใ†ใ™ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Thin, light, weak
  • ่–„ๆš—ใ„ใ€ใ†ใ™ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Dim, gloomy
  • ่–„ๅ‘ณใ€ใ†ใ™ใ‚ใ˜ใ€‘
    โ€“ Light flavor
  • ่–„ๅนธใ€ใฏใฃใ“ใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Unfortunate (literary: "thin happiness")
  • ๅธŒ่–„ใ€ใใฏใใ€‘
    โ€“ Thin, sparse (abstract things: air, relationships, etc.)
่‘‰

่‘‰๏ผˆใ‚ˆใ†๏ผใฏ๏ผ‰โ€“ leaf

  • ่‘‰ใ€ใฏใ€‘
    โ€“ Leaf
  • ็ด…่‘‰ใ€ใ“ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†๏ผใ‚‚ใฟใ˜ใ€‘
    โ€“ Autumn leaves (red/yellow foliage)
  • ่‘‰ๆ›ธใ€ใฏใŒใใ€‘
    โ€“ Postcard (lit. "leaf writing")
  • ่‹ฅ่‘‰ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใฐใ€‘
    โ€“ Fresh young leaves
  • ่ฝ่‘‰ใ€ใ‚‰ใใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Fallen leaves
ๆจก

ๆจก๏ผˆใ‚‚๏ผ‰โ€“ imitation / model

  • ๆจกๆง˜ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Pattern, design
  • ๆจกๅ€ฃใ€ใ‚‚ใปใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Imitation, copying
  • ๆจกๅž‹ใ€ใ‚‚ใ‘ใ„ใ€‘
    โ€“ Model, replica
  • ๆจก่ฉฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ€‘
    โ€“ Mock exam
  • ๆจก็ฏ„ใ€ใ‚‚ใฏใ‚“ใ€‘
    โ€“ Model, example (to follow)
ๆผ 

ๆผ ๏ผˆใฐใ๏ผ‰โ€“ vague / vast / desert

  • ็ ‚ๆผ ใ€ใ•ใฐใใ€‘
    โ€“ Desert
  • ๆผ ็„ถใ€ใฐใใœใ‚“ใ€‘
    โ€“ Vague, hazy, unclear
  • ๅบƒๆผ ใ€ใ“ใ†ใฐใใ€‘
    โ€“ Vast, wide and empty
  • ่Œซๆผ ใ€ใผใ†ใฐใใ€‘
    โ€“ Boundless, endless (literary)
  • ๆผ ๅœŸใ€ใฐใใฉใ€‘
    โ€“ Desert land (very rare, classical)
ๅข“

ๅข“๏ผˆใผ๏ผใฏใ‹๏ผ‰โ€“ grave

  • ๅข“ใ€ใฏใ‹ใ€‘
    โ€“ Grave, tomb
  • ๅข“ๅœฐใ€ใผใกใ€‘
    โ€“ Cemetery
  • ๅข“ๅ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใฏใ‹ใพใ„ใ‚Šใ€‘
    โ€“ Visiting a grave
  • ๅข“็Ÿณใ€ใฏใ‹ใ„ใ—๏ผใผใ›ใใ€‘
    โ€“ Gravestone
  • ๅ…ˆ็ฅ–ใฎๅข“ใ€ใ›ใ‚“ใžใฎใฏใ‹ใ€‘
    โ€“ Ancestorโ€™s grave
ๆšฎ

ๆšฎ๏ผˆใผ๏ผใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใƒปใใ‚‰ใ™๏ผ‰โ€“ livelihood / sunset

  • ๆšฎใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€‘
    โ€“ To get dark (sunset)
  • ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ™ใ€ใใ‚‰ใ™ใ€‘
    โ€“ To live, to spend oneโ€™s life
  • ๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใ€ใใ‚‰ใ—ใ€‘
    โ€“ Livelihood, daily life
  • ๅค•ๆšฎใ‚Œใ€ใ‚†ใ†ใใ‚Œใ€‘
    โ€“ Evening, dusk
  • ๅนดๆšฎใ‚Œใ€ใจใ—ใใ‚Œใ€‘
    โ€“ Year-end
่†œ

่†œ๏ผˆใพใ๏ผ‰โ€“ membrane / film

  • ็ฒ˜่†œใ€ใญใ‚“ใพใใ€‘
    โ€“ Mucous membrane
  • ่ง’่†œใ€ใ‹ใใพใใ€‘
    โ€“ Cornea (eye membrane)
  • ้ผ“่†œใ€ใ“ใพใใ€‘
    โ€“ Eardrum
  • ่†œๆง‹้€ ใ€ใพใใ“ใ†ใžใ†ใ€‘
    โ€“ Membrane structure (architecture/biology)
  • ่…น่†œใ€ใตใใพใใ€‘
    โ€“ Peritoneum (abdominal membrane)
่‹—

่‹—๏ผˆใณใ‚‡ใ†๏ผใชใˆใƒปใชใ‚๏ผ‰โ€“ seedling

  • ่‹—ใ€ใชใˆใ€‘
    โ€“ Seedling, young plant
  • ่‹—ๆœจใ€ใชใˆใŽใ€‘
    โ€“ Sapling, young tree
  • ่‹—ๅญ—ใ€ใฟใ‚‡ใ†ใ˜ใ€‘
    โ€“ Surname, family name (note the different reading & origin)
  • ่‹—ๅบŠใ€ใชใˆใฉใ“ใ€‘
    โ€“ Seedbed, nursery bed
  • ่‹—ๅ ดใ€ใชใˆใฐใ€‘
    โ€“ Nursery field (also place name: Naeba)
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